1. Read the following passage and answer
the questions below in complete sentences:
IGNOU BEGLA-136 Solved Assignment PDF 2022-23 | July Session BAG..
Although economic roles between men and
women have become more similar over time, sex differences are still prevalent
and tensions still exist in the workplace.
Organizations across countries are
increasingly implementing nondiscriminatory hiring practices where women are
given opportunities equal to men. We do find that there are certain types of
jobs such as those of police officers, fire fighters, truck drivers, etc.,
which are generally preferred by men, and there are other occupations like
nursing, teaching, etc., which are preferred by women. These are personal
preferences which may be dictated by nature or the way boys and girls are nurtured.
However, it is the duty of organizations to give equal opportunities to people
of both sexes, based only on a person's credentials. Although the number of
women in all types of work fields has been steadily rising, there is still a
gap between women and men regarding compensation for producing similar work in
many fields. Also since women are the primary care givers at home, the entire
workforce needs to be sensitized to certain needs that may arise from time to
time as a result of the dual role they are necessitated to play throughout
life. Additionally, their vulnerability where personal security is concerned
needs to be understood and taken care of.
Q1. What is your opinion about the kind
of challenges women face at the workplace?
Ans. Women have a right to be proud of
their achievements in the long-running fight for equal pay in the workplace.
Women are developing a strong presence in practically every field that was once
dominated by men. Nonetheless, there are still obstacles in the workplace for
women. The majority of these key difficulties aren't new. Successfully
overcoming these hurdles will include recruiting appropriate and strategic
cooperation from others inside the company. Going it alone as a worker may
result in you being labelled as a problem employee, limiting your capacity to
advance in your profession. As an employer, you must support the initiative and
demonstrate your dedication to your employees.
Motherhood: Employers are not allowed to
discriminate or take adverse action against a woman because she is pregnant.
However, an employer is not required to give paid maternity leave or paid child
care leave in the future. A woman's absence from work to care for a kid is
likely to have an impact on her career advancement.Negotiating an arrangement
that offers flexible work choices such as telecommuting and working
non-standard business hours can help a career woman who becomes pregnant or a
working mother deal with this issue. Employer incentives such as flexible
schedules and hours are becoming more common as a method to attract talented
employees. In fact, professional flexibility allows both men and women to
choose their family lives over career growth.
Equal Pay:
On an average, women continue to earn less than men. Women are hired at lower
pay rates in entry-level professions, and the wage gap widens as they advance
in their careers. To discover if a pay gap exists, a company should undertake a
pay audit. If there is no wage disparity, the company should consider releasing
the information to employees and job applicants. Preventing pay negotiations is
one approach to prevent a pay gap from forming A woman can request a pay audit
from her company, but she risks being labelled a problem by management. The
lady in that circumstance must determine whether or not she wants to fight her employer
over a salary disparity. If not, the woman may want to look for a new career at
a company where the pay gap has been bridged by management. Leaving for a new
job appears to be an excellent strategy to make up for the income gap.
According to data, a woman with an MBA who switches professions two or more
times is paid $53,472 less than a woman who stays at her initial job and rises
through the ranks. Wemen who move careers must demonstrate their worth to their
new bosses. Men with MBAs who switched jobs made $13,743 more than those who
stayed with their previous workplace.
IGNOU BEGLA-136 Solved Assignment PDF 2022-23 | July Session BAG..
Fewer Leadership Opportunities: Many firms still have a male-dominated top management. What is the
reason for this? It's often because men are allocated to high-profile,
mission-critical assignments that serve as professional stepping stones. This
pattern could be a result of the organization's decision-makers' ingrained biases.
These can be huge roadblocks in a woman's
career path. To overcome this, a woman must contact an empathetic supervisor or
decision-maker and negotiate meaningful assignments that will allow her to
contribute significantly to the business. Eventually, the employer will have to
address the disparity in opportunity. Employers will need to encourage women to
take part in significant projects. Employers can do this through mentoring and engaging
their career-minded female employees by assigning them to project teams,
keeping them accountable for their responsibilities, and giving them the
opportunity to perform.
Sexual Harassment: In the workplace, sexual harassment is still a problem. When it
occurs, women must report it, and management must investigate and take proper
steps to correct it. Companies must put in place standard guidelines for
managing complaints regarding sexual harassment at the workplace. Such
guidelines must be public knowledge to all the employees - women and men.
Industry-Specific Bias: In some industries, the challenges women confront are more
pronounced than in others. Women encounter considerable challenges in the
high-tech industry. The sam appears to be true in research labs, the energy
industry, and other science and technology-based companies.
A woman attempting to forge a career in
these fields must be aware of these biases, but she does not have to accept
them. Employers in these industries must implement the organisational and
cultural changes listed above to attract and retain the finest personnel, or
they will confront substantial talent shortages in their workforces. They will
simply be unable to attract or keep the high-skilled women and men they
require. Those workers will seek employment in other industries where the work
environment is more family-friendly and tolerant of diversity.
Q2. How do you think their organizations
can help them in overcoming these challenges?
Ans. Some organizational issues are more
common than others, but they can all be challenging to overcome. There are ways
to solve these issues with dedication and commitment to making positive
outcomes. The following are 7 organizational issues, along with potential
causes and solutions:
1. Tumover:
High turnover refers to an organizational issue where employees leave their
companies frequently and at high volumes. To compensate, an organization has to
regularly hire new people to fill those roles. This can take up company
resources and cause delays in company workflows. Some reasons for high turnover
rates may include:
·
Employees are discontent with
management and their leadership officials.
·
They feel
dissatisfied with their work and do not find it fulfilling
·
Staff members are underpaid and
want more compensation for their work.
·
Employees don't believe their
employer hears their voices, ideas and concerns.
·
Team members don't see a path
for growth within the company.
To overcome this challenge, it may help
organizations if they reach out to their employees and receive feedback from
them. It's beneficial for managers to listen to their employees concerns and
seriously consider where they can change or improve. Taking actionable steps to
meet the concerns of your team members can help increase employee retention
rates and improve productivity
2. Productivity: Productivity refers to the volume of work empleyces complete
successfully and according to schedule. Having high productivity means a
company is meeting their production quotas, business operations are on track
and the business is fulfilling all orders on time. An organization may suffer
from productivity losses because:
·
Teams are understaffed.
·
Employees
lose interest in the work or get distracted.
·
Sudden structural and procedure
changes can be jarring.
·
Stress inducers like unrealistic
deadlines and poor leadership can make working challenging.
To combat this organizational issue,
managers may benefit from hiring on additional staff or provide employees with
breaks so they can relieve stress. Slowly ease your team members into upcoming
changes so they can prepare accordingly and set deadlines that are realistic
and achievable.
3. Process management: Managers use process management to ensure that their team is
following the best processes for completing their work in an efficient and
timely manner. The manager has to set the rules and guidelines and decide what
practices to maintain and identify which ones don't add value. Poor process
management can occur because:
·
Managers
establish processes that are convoluted and complicated.
·
Company leadership isn't
flexible and ignores feedback from employees.
·
Managers lack an in-depth
understanding of their team's work and what they need to accomplish it.
To overcome process management problems, a
manager should work closely with their team understand their needs and take
steps to implement processes that allow them to do their work simply and
efficiently.
4. Role specification: Role specification means hiring the most qualified person for a
job and assigning work to the most appropriate employee. A lack of quality role
specification can disrupt workflows, reduce efficiency and decrease
communication between team members. Rele specification issues can occur
because:
·
Managers may show biased
behavior towards or against particular individuals.
·
A hiring manager doesn't take
the time to interview a candidate thoroughly.
·
Leadership may not understand
their team's capabilities and particular strengths.
·
Nepotism can sometimes lead to
an unqualified new hire.
To overcome this organizational challenge,
it's important that managers learn about the skills and interests of their team
members so they can assign work to the most qualified member or train members
on how to succeed. It's also essential that managers conduct a thorough hiring
process for new candidates to hire people that suit company openings. They may
enlist the help of recruiters who are more adept at finding qualified
candidates for specific roles.
5. Customer satisfaction and
relationships: One of the most important aspects of a successful organization is its relationship with its customers. Satisfied
customers contribute to increased revenue and consistent purchases as a source
of income. Customers may become unsatisfied with an organization due to poor
customer service or poor quality of a company or service. A solution to
customer satisfaction as an organizational issue could be to retrain employees
on how to provide the best customer service and engage with consumers through
surveys, social media and market studies.
6. Innovation: Innovation is how companies
develop new ideas and expand their products and services. An organization that
is innovative opens itself up to new opportunities, integrates updated technology
tools and becomes an industry leader. Organizations experience low innovation
and grow stagnant because:
·
They have a company culture
that stifles employee creativity.
·
The company uses outdated
business practices that don't facilitate innovation.
You can encourage innovation in your
organization organizations by listening to the ideas of your team members and
creating a culture where they feel comfortable being able to openly and freely
express their ideas. It's also helpful to thoroughly analyze current business
practices and make necessary changes so new ideas and innovations can easily
integrate into the company's processes.
7. Teamwork: Teamwork involves
employees working together to achieve a common goal. Effective teamwork
increases productivity, revenue and makes everyone's job easier to complete.
Teamwork within an organization can falter when:
·
Team members have conflicting
personality traits.
·
Some individuals contribute
more to projects than others.
·
Managers show favoritism
towards specific people.
·
The organization has poor
communication channels.
To resolve this organizational issue, try
facilitating team meetings so everyone can share their concerns and craft
solutions. Avoid showing favoritism so everyone feels valued and encouraged
when they speak up about their ideas. You can also conduct individual meetings
with each team member to assess the best way to improve the team based on each
person's feedback. If there are conflicting personalities, it's important to
have the involved parties discuss their issues civilly so they can determine a
way to work together peacefully.
Q3. Give a suitable title to the passage
chakradhar.c 268947000
Ans. Gender Equality in Workplace
Q2. Use the following words in sentences
of your own:
1. Prevalent
2. Discriminatory
3. Credentials
4. Vulnerability
5. Compensation
Ans. The custom is prevalent in
today’s society
(2) Race, religion and other discriminatory
factors do not play a role in the decision process.
(3) accordingly, the credentials must
also be constituents of the revelation
(4) I see weakness and vulnerability
as I do everyone
(5) a sum of 20 million sterling was voted
as compensation to the planters.
Q.3 rewrite the following sentences as
directed
1. Sometimes in the…………………………(consultant,
competitive) world today jobs are not advertised. (Use
the correct word from those given in the
brackets)
2. A person who is always on time. (Give an
appropriate adjective)
3. The skill of…………………………………………..(read) and…………………………………………..
(write) in English is essential for an office boy's job here. (Complete the
sentence using gerunds)
4. The…………………………………….(type) letters are
ready for dispatch (Complete the sentence using an appropriate participle)
Ans. (1) Competitive
(2) Punctual
(3) reading, writing
(4) the typical/typing letters are ready
for dispatch.